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Upward gaze and head deviation with frontal eye field stimulation
K. Kaiboriboon, et al.
Volume 14, Number 1, March 2012
Keywords : Unknown, Eye deviation, Frontal premotor mesiolateral, Frontal Eye Field, Focal non-idiopathic temporal (TLE)
movement that was previously only thought possible by stimulating both frontal eye fields simultaneously. If stimulation was started when the subject looked laterally, the initial eye movement was back to the midline, followed by upward deviation. Our finding challenges current view of topological organisation in the human FEF and may have general implications for concepts of topological organisation of the motor cortex, since sustained stimulation also induced upward head movements as a component of the vertical gaze shift. [
<i>Published with video sequences</i>]
Pilomotor seizures: a video case report
M. Ayman Haykal, et al.
Volume 14, Number 1, March 2012
Keywords : Encephalitis, Pilomotor seizure, Temporal lobe (left), Focal non-idiopathic temporal (TLE)
seizures in a 75-year-old man with left temporal lobe epilepsy and remote herpes zoster encephalitis. In general, piloerection is most often localised to the temporal lobe. Unilateral piloerection is usually associated with an ipsilateral ictal onset. Bilateral piloerection has a less certain lateralising value, although earlier reports suggest left hemispheric predominance
<i> [Published with videosequences].</i>
Frontal lobe epilepsy with atypical seizure semiology resembling shuddering attacks or wet dog shake seizures
A. Jahodova, et al.
Volume 14, Number 1, March 2012
Keywords : Focal cortical dysplasia (type i), Automotor (distal, mouth or tongue) seizure, Face, Shuddering, Frontal lobe (right), Focal non-idiopathic frontal (FLE)
of shoulder or whole body shuddering after a short psychic aura and face grimacing. Consciousness was fully preserved. The seizures resembled “wet dog shake” seizures described in rat models of epilepsy or shuddering attacks in infants. EEG findings were inconclusive, however, MRI showed a clear dysplastic lesion in the right frontal mesial and polar structures. The patient underwent an extended lesionectomy guided by neuronavigation and intraoperative electrocorticography. Focal cortical dysplasia type Ib was histologically confirmed and the patient has been seizure-free for the three years following resection. [
<i>Published with video sequences</i>]
Bálint-like syndrome as an unusual representation of non-convulsive status epilepticus
A.J. Ristic, et al.
Volume 14, Number 1, March 2012
Keywords : Dysplasia (architectural), Status epilepticus (non convulsive), Automotor seizure, Posterior cortex parietal, Focal non-idiopathic parietal
of non-convulsive status epilepticus. Therefore, focal non-convulsive status epilepticus emerging from the posterior cortex, and especially the parietal lobes, can be fairly under-recognised. We report a 66-year-old patient with focal non-convulsive status epilepticus presenting as isolated Bálint-like syndrome, successfully treated to full clinical and electrophysiological recovery. The diagnostic and pathophysiological features are discussed. Focal non-convulsive status epilepticus can be associated with negative phenomena such as neuropsychological deficits mimicking those detected more often in degenerative and vascular brain diseases.
<i>[Published with video sequences]</i>
Bálint-like syndrome as an unusual representation of non-convulsive status epilepticus
A.J. Ristic, et al.
Volume 14, Number 1, March 2012
Keywords : Dysplasia (architectural), Status epilepticus (non convulsive), Automotor seizure, Posterior cortex parietal, Focal non-idiopathic parietal
of non-convulsive status epilepticus. Therefore, focal non-convulsive status epilepticus emerging from the posterior cortex, and especially the parietal lobes, can be fairly under-recognised. We report a 66-year-old patient with focal non-convulsive status epilepticus presenting as isolated Bálint-like syndrome, successfully treated to full clinical and electrophysiological recovery. The diagnostic and pathophysiological features are discussed. Focal non-convulsive status epilepticus can be associated with negative phenomena such as neuropsychological deficits mimicking those detected more often in degenerative and vascular brain diseases.
<i>[Published with video sequences]</i>
Early-onset absence epilepsy at eight months of age
Y. Kobayashi, et al.
Volume 13, Number 4, December 2011
Keywords : Unknown, Myoclonic seizure, Absence (dialeptic) seizure, Absence seizure (typical), Idiopathic generalized not specified
of absence seizures in the first year of life is very rare. We report a girl with intractable absence seizures with onset at age eight months. Her seizures were characterised by loss of responsiveness, with eyes drifting upwards and some myoclonic jerks of the upper and lower limbs. These symptoms were accompanied by bilaterally symmetric high-amplitude 2-2.5 Hz generalised spike-and-wave discharges on the electroencephalogram. Her seizures were refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs; treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone was transiently effective. Comprehensive metabolic screening, cytogenetic, and genetic analysis did not determine an underlying cause of her condition. Patients with intractable, very early-onset absence epilepsy with a myoclonic component have an unfavourable outcome and may be classified under a new epileptic syndrome, such as
<i>“early infantile absence epilepsy”</i>.
A case imitating Panayiotopoulos syndrome
F. Bolukbasi, et al.
Volume 13, Number 3, Septembre 2011
Keywords : behavioural and personality disorders, Nonepileptic paroxysmal event, Autonomic seizure, Vomiting (ictal), Non epileptic paroxysmal disorder
emesis. However, the presence of emetic symptoms may cause misdiagnosis, for example with some organic disorders which have similar autonomic features. On the other hand, since this syndrome has been recently well documented, the tendency for early recognition may lead to overdiagnosis. Here, we present a case which could be mistaken for Panayiotopoulos syndrome based on anamnesis, however, with the aid of ictal video-EEG monitoring, the patient was shown to present with a non-epileptic psychogenic seizure. This report is an example of careful evaluation in order to avoid over- or underdiagnosis of this benign disorder.
<i>[Published with video sequences]</i>
